|
Elisabeth Bergner (22 August 1897 – 12 May 1986) was a German language film and stage actress who acted in Germany until moving to England to escape the Nazi threat to the Jews. Joseph L. Mankiewicz's classic film ''All About Eve'' was reportedly based on her own experience of employing a young female admirer who then tries to upstage her. ==Life and career== She was born Elisabeth Ettel in Drohobych, Austro-Hungarian Empire (present-day Ukraine) to Anna Rosa (née Wagner) and Emil Ettel, a merchant. She grew up in a secular Jewish home. The Hebrew she heard in her childhood was associated with Yom Kippur and Pesach, and on her visits to Israel she apologized for not knowing the language.〔(Ettel background ), books.google.ca; accessed March 6, 2015.〕〔(Bergner profile ), books.google.ca; accessed March 6, 2015.〕〔(Profile ), Haaretz.com; accessed March 6, 2015.〕 She first acted onstage at age 14, and appeared in Innsbruck a year later. In Vienna at age 16, she toured Austrian and German provinces with a Shakespearean company. She worked as an artist's model, posing for sculptor Wilhelm Lehmbruck, who fell in love with her. She eventually moved to Munich and later Berlin.〔 In 1923 she made her film debut in ''Der Evangelimann''. With the rise of Nazism, Bergner moved to London with director Paul Czinner, and they married in 1933. Her stage work in London included ''The Boy David'' (1936) by J.M. Barrie, his last play, which he wrote especially for her, and ''Escape Me Never'' by Margaret Kennedy. ''Catherine the Great'' was banned in Germany because of the government's racial policies, reported ''Time Magazine'' on March 26, 1934.〔 She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for ''Escape Me Never'' (1935). She repeated her stage role of Rosalind, opposite Laurence Olivier's Orlando, in the 1936 film ''As You Like It'', the first sound film version of Shakespeare's play, and the first sound film of ''any'' Shakespeare play filmed in England. Miss Bergner had previously only played the role on the German stage, and several critics found that her accent got in the way of their enjoyment of the film, which was not a success. She returned intermittently to the stage, for instance in the title role of John Webster's ''The Duchess of Malfi'' in 1946. In 1973, she starred in the Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe-winner for Best Foreign-Language Foreign Film of 1974, ''Der Fußgänger'' (English title: ''The Pedestrian''). Bergner temporarily returned to Germany in 1954, where she acted in movies and on the stage; the Berlin district of Steglitz named a city park after her. In 1980, Austria awarded her the Cross of Merit for Science and Art and, in 1982, she won the Eleonora Duse Prize Asolo.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Elisabeth Bergner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|